Dr Varinder Sharma
Since independence, J&K has faced challenges such as terrorism, separatist movements, and socio-economic underdevelopment. However, the past decade has witnessed a substantial shift in the governance and development paradigm of J&K, particularly following the abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019. Before the ascension of PM Modi, J&K was having special autonomy under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, which restricted the Indian Parliament’s legislative power over the state. This special status allowed the state to have its own constitution, a separate flag, and autonomy over internal matters, except in areas such as defence, communications, and foreign affairs. While this provision was intended to protect the unique cultural and demographic characteristics of the region, it also inadvertently fostered a sense of separatism and impeded economic integration with the rest of India. The Jammu Division, often overshadowed by the more restive Kashmir Valley, faced its own challenges. Although relatively peaceful compared to the Valley, Jammu struggled with issues like inadequate infrastructure, lack of industrial growth, and limited employment opportunities due to a biased approach. The region’s political landscape was stagnated with no political accountability or governance.
PM Modi’s Government set out an ambitious vision for J&K, aiming to bring the region into the mainstream of India’s development narrative. The Government’s approach is rooted in a few key pillars: security, economic development, social integration, and good governance. The abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019 was a watershed moment, intended to integrate J&K with India fully and lay the groundwork for its comprehensive development. The move was aimed at dismantling the legal and administrative barriers that had prevented full economic and political integration with the rest of the country. For the Jammu Division, this meant the removal of restrictions that had long hampered investment and industrial growth. Various national laws and schemes that were previously inapplicable are now being implemented. This has included the extension of reservations for SC, ST, and Other Backward Classes.
One of the most visible transformations in the Jammu Division has been in the field of infrastructure development. The region has seen significant investments in road, rail, and air connectivity, which are crucial for boosting trade, tourism, and overall economic growth. The completion of the Chenani-Nashri Tunnel, India’s longest road tunnel, has reduced travel time between Jammu and Srinagar, facilitating smoother trade and tourism. Similarly, the four-lane Jammu-Srinagar National Highway has enhanced accessibility. The upcoming Express Delhi-Katra Highway will take tourism to the next level, opening up new opportunities for local businesses and entrepreneurs. The ongoing construction of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link, a national project of strategic importance, is expected to further integrate the region with the rest of the country, providing a major impetus to economic activities. The expansion of Jammu Airport, with a new terminal and extended runway, has enhanced the region’s connectivity with major Indian cities. Extended flight timings have opened up new avenues for business and emergency class fliers. Helicopter services from Jammu to Mata Vaishno Devi and other pilgrim destinations are another big achievement, making Jammu a more viable destination for tourism and business ventures.
For the Jammu Division, the removal of Article 370 has opened the doors for national and international businesses to invest in the region without the previous restrictions. The development of industrial estates in almost every district is the roadmap attracting investments in manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and information technology. The development of the Samba, Kathua, and Udhampur Industrial Zones is expected to generate significant employment opportunities and create a more balanced economic structure. Programs under the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana and other skill training schemes have been expanded in the region, providing young people with the skills required by the emerging industries.
Tourism has always been a cornerstone of Jammu’s economy, with the Shri Mata Vaishno Devi shrine being one of the most visited pilgrimage sites in India. However, the region’s potential beyond religious tourism had remained untapped. Under the Modi Government, there has been a concerted effort to diversify and expand the tourism sector. The development of infrastructure around pilgrimage sites, such as better roads, accommodation facilities, and security measures, has led to a significant increase in the number of visitors. The completion of the Vaishno Devi Ropeway and Skywalk at Bhavan to facilitate smooth movement of pilgrims are examples, which have made the pilgrimage more accessible and comfortable for devotees. Similarly, development of Shiv Khori and other religious places is underway. Recognising the natural beauty of the Jammu Division, the Government has promoted adventure and eco-tourism in regions like Patnitop, Sanasar, Reasi, and Bhadarwah. Initiatives to develop trekking routes, adventure sports facilities, and eco-friendly resorts are underway, aiming to attract both domestic and international tourists. Lavender revolution and power projects are major employment and infrastructure initiates. Lavender revolution and power projects are major employment and infrastructure initiates. The rich cultural heritage of the Jammu region, with its numerous forts, temples, and traditional arts, is being leveraged to boost cultural tourism. Festivals, cultural events, and heritage walks are new norms. Geo tagging of products of Jammu Division like Bhaderwah rajma, Sulai honey, and Anardana from the Ramban district; Chikri woodcraft from the Rajouri district; Basohli paintings and Basohli pashmina woollen products from the Kathua district; and Kaladi from the Udhampur district have opened up new avenues highlighting local art, craft, culture, and products. Dogra pride has been restored with the declaration of Maharaja Hari Singh’s birth anniversary as a public holiday.
One of the significant outcomes of the abrogation of Article 370 has been the empowerment of marginalised communities in Jammu. The extension of reservation benefits to SCs, STs, and OBCs has ensured that these communities receive their due share in education, employment, and political representation. Historically, the Kashmir Valley had a disproportionate influence on the state legislature. The delimitation has corrected this imbalance, giving Jammu more seats and, consequently, more say in the governance of the UT. Women in Jammu and Kashmir now have the same rights as women in the rest of India. Similarly, resolving displaced persons’ issues is another major achievement. Beneficiaries include WPRs and displaced persons of the 1965 and 1971 wars. Giving domicile and existing property ownership rights has provided justice and a healing touch to the sufferings of decades.
The Modi Government has also focused on strengthening local governance. The Panchayati Raj system has been revitalised, with elections held for the first time in several years, leading to the empowerment of local bodies, which include panchayats, BDC, DDC, and local bodies. These councils are now responsible for local development initiatives, enabling a bottom-up approach to governance that is more inclusive and participatory. The Government’s push for the Swachh Bharat Mission and Smart Cities Mission has also found resonance in the region, leading to cleaner and better-managed urban spaces. J&K has the distinction of having the highest number of online services offered in the country.
The education and healthcare sectors in the Jammu Division have seen significant improvements under the present Government. The establishment of new educational institutions, such as the IIT and the IIM in Jammu, has provided students with access to quality higher education within the region. The opening of Kendriya Vidyalayas and Navodaya Vidyalayas in remote areas has also improved access to quality schooling.
The healthcare infrastructure in Jammu has received a substantial boost, with the opening of new hospitals, medical colleges, and AIIMS in Vijaypur. Establishment of a state cancer institute with a PET scan facility and a separate bone and joint hospital are game changers for the healthcare of the region. The expansion of the Ayushman Bharat scheme in the region to every citizen has ensured access to quality healthcare services. The Government’s focus has led to better health outcomes in rural and semi-urban areas.
Most importantly, the decimation of terrorism and hawala modules in J&K. Stone pelting and hartal calendars are things of the past. Schools and business establishments are now in 365-day working mode, and the record number of pilgrims and tourists is testimony to the prevailing peace. Decades-old terror incident victims are getting justice. The deployment of additional security forces, the construction of border fences, and the enhancement of intelligence operations have made the region more secure.
However, the journey is far from over. Five years is too little time to develop the vast area of Jammu and Kashmir. There are definitely certain areas that require a more focused approach. The peace and development initiatives require consistent efforts and approaches. The completion of the Tawi riverfront and artificial lake, along with the proposed amusement park near the golf course, will further transform Jammu. The upcoming elections are a golden opportunity for the people of Jammu and Kashmir to elect representatives who can pursue these progressive policies. With continued focus and effort, the Jammu Division, and indeed the entire UT, can emerge as a model of development and peace in the years to come. But all this depends upon the outcome of the elections. People have to exercise their rights and choose wisely.
(The writer is co-convenor professional cell J&K BJP)
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