Dr Ankush Mahajan
Diwali, the Festival of Lights, is one of the most cherished and widely celebrated festivals in India. Diwali is observed on the ‘Amavasya’ tithi of the lunar month of ‘Kartika.’ It is a time for joy, unity, and cultural richness that transcends religious and regional boundaries.
The festival’s origins, deeply rooted in Indian mythology, evoke the triumph of good over evil, light over darkness, and knowledge over ignorance. As Diwali approaches in 2024, it is essential to reflect on its historical significance, evolving traditions, and the shift from ancient customs to modern-day celebrations. As we prepare to celebrate Diwali in 2024, are we honoring its age-old wisdom, or has the sparkle dimmed under modern pressures?
The Divine Return of Lord Rama
At the heart of Diwali lies the story of Lord Rama’s return to Ayodhya after 14 years of exile. Having defeated the demon king Ravana, Lord Rama was accompanied by Goddess Sita and his loyal brother Lakshman. The people of Ayodhya, filled with joy, illuminated their homes with rows of clay lamps (diyas) to welcome him back and celebrate his victory over evil. This moment marks the essence of Diwali: a celebration of righteousness, love, and perseverance in the face of adversity.
As described in the Ramcharitmanas by Goswami Tulsidas:
“Ripu ran jeeti sujas sur gavat?
Sita sahit anuj prabhu aavat?
Sunat bachan bisre sab dookha?
Trishavant jimi paai piyoosha?”
Translation:
The Lord is returning after defeating the enemy in battle, accompanied by Sita and Lakshman, while the gods sing His glorious praises. Hearing these words, all of Bharat Ji’s sorrows vanished, just as a thirsty person forgets the suffering of thirst upon receiving nectar. (Uttarkand)
This verse beautifully captures the joy and relief that comes from reuniting with loved ones and celebrating the return of peace and prosperity.
The Symbolism of Light in Diwali
Diwali is derived from the word “Deepavali,” meaning “a row of lights.” Lighting lamps outside homes is symbolic of the victory of light over darkness and the pursuit of knowledge over ignorance. The festival also honors Goddess Lakshmi, the deity of wealth and prosperity, with the belief that clean and illuminated homes invite her blessings.
As the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad reminds us:
“Om Asato Maa Sad-Gamaya |
Tamaso Maa Jyotir-Gamaya |
Mrtyor-Maa Amrtam Gamaya |
Om Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih ||”
Translation:
Om, (O Lord) From (the Phenomenal World of) Unreality, make me go (i.e. Lead me) towards the Reality (of Eternal Self),
From the Darkness (of Ignorance), make me go (i.e. Lead me) towards the Light (of Spiritual Knowledge),
From (the World of) Mortality (of Material Attachment), make me go (i.e. Lead me) towards the World of Immortality (of Self-Realization).
Om, Peace, Peace, Peace.
These sacred verses resonate with the spiritual message of Diwali, guiding us from ignorance to wisdom, from sorrow to joy, and from fear to peace.
The Many Stories of Diwali: A Festival of Myths and Legends
Diwali, the festival of lights, is popularly known for celebrating Lord Rama’s return to Ayodhya after defeating Ravana. However, India’s rich cultural traditions offer numerous legends that enrich Diwali’s significance. Each community has its own interpretation, making it a multifaceted celebration of spirituality and light. Chandogya Upanishad: “In the light of wisdom, one sees the essence of life.”
In Kerala, Diwali marks the homecoming of King Mahabali, a symbol of generosity, celebrated during Onam. According to mythology, Mahabali was banished to the underworld by Lord Vishnu’s Vamana avatar but is allowed to return to earth for a day, embodying humility’s victory. In Gujarat and Maharashtra, Diwali celebrates Lord Krishna’s defeat of the demon Narakasura on Naraka Chaturdashi, symbolizing righteousness overcoming evil.
For Jains, Diwali signifies Lord Mahavira’s attainment of nirvana, representing ultimate liberation. Sikhs commemorate Guru Hargobind’s release from imprisonment alongside 52 kings, honoring freedom and justice. These diverse stories add layers to Diwali’s meaning, making it a festival of unity.
From Yaksha Ratri to the Kama Sutra
While now synonymous with Goddess Lakshmi’s worship, Diwali’s roots trace back to ancient times. The Kama Sutra, composed between the 3rd century BC and 2nd century AD, mentions a festival called Yaksha Ratri-Night of the Yakshas-celebrated with lamps, honoring celestial beings associated with wealth and prosperity.
Yaksha Ratri featured bonfires and gambling, a tradition that continues during Diwali. Though not yet called Diwali, it shared the essence of light and merriment.
Kashmir’s Contribution
Kashmir’s rich traditions connect deeply to Diwali. The Nilamata Purana, dating from 500 to 800 AD, mentions a festival called Deepamala, encouraging the worship of Lakshmi by lighting lamps. Historians believe the name Diwali may derive from this text, linking it to Kashmir’s cultural legacy.
Diwali and Gambling: From Shiva to Parvati
Gambling has long been associated with Diwali, rooted in mythology. The Aditya Purana narrates Lord Shiva playing dice with Goddess Parvati, symbolizing fate and fortune. The Skanda Purana links lamp lighting to cosmic order, though Goddess Lakshmi is not central to these references.
Gift-Giving and the Tradition of Thalai Diwali
The practice of gift-giving during Diwali has ancient roots, as noted in King Harsha’s 7th-century play Nagananda, which mentions exchanging gifts during Deepotsava. In Tamil Nadu, this tradition is observed as Thalai Diwali, where newlyweds receive blessings and gifts from elders.
The Krishna Connection
In western India, Diwali is linked to Lord Krishna’s consort Satyabhama, credited with defeating Narakasura. This legend embodies the destruction of evil forces and the restoration of dharma.
The New Year and Diwali
Diwali also marks the beginning of the Vikram Samvat calendar. Legend has it that King Vikramaditya ascended to his throne on Diwali, launching this lunar calendar that remains significant for religious festivals.
The Bengali Tradition of Worship
In Bengal, Diwali coincides with Kali Puja, dedicated to the fierce goddess Kali. According to legend, Kali’s rampage was calmed when she accidentally stepped on Lord Shiva, symbolizing spiritual purification and the triumph over negativity.
A Festival of Infinite Stories
Diwali transcends regional boundaries, connecting people through the themes of light overcoming darkness and good triumphing over evil. Its origins, reflected in texts like the Kama Sutra and Nilamata Purana, reveal deep cultural and spiritual layers that give the festival its timeless relevance. From Lakshmi to Mahabali, and from Yaksha Ratri to Kali Puja, Diwali celebrates India’s diversity, where each story shines as brightly as the diyas that illuminate the night.
The Shift from Ancient Traditions to Modern Celebrations
Over the centuries, Diwali has evolved from its ancient roots into a modern celebration that intricately blends tradition with contemporary lifestyles. In ancient times, the focus was on simple rituals-lighting earthen lamps, offering prayers, and sharing sweets with family and neighbors. Today, however, Diwali has transformed into a massive commercial extravaganza, where business, consumerism, and grandeur take center stage.
Environmental Concerns and Shifting Traditions in Modern Times
In recent years, Diwali celebrations have faced significant scrutiny due to environmental and health concerns. Fireworks, once an integral part of the festivities that created an atmosphere of joy, have contributed to alarming levels of air and noise pollution. In response, several state governments in India have enacted strict regulations and even bans on the sale and use of fireworks. The Supreme Court of India has intervened, mandating the use of “green crackers,” which are designed to minimize environmental impact. These rulings aim to harmonize the festive spirit with a sense of environmental responsibility.
The shift towards eco-friendly celebrations reflects a growing awareness of the festival’s impact on the environment. Campaigns promoting a “Green Diwali” have gained momentum, encouraging people to celebrate by lighting traditional diyas (earthen lamps) and minimizing or avoiding fireworks. Many families and communities now opt for quieter, more environmentally conscious celebrations, focusing on the spiritual essence of the festival rather than material extravagance.
The Impact of Chinese Imports on Local Diwali Markets
Adding another layer to this complex tapestry is the growing concern over the influx of imported Diwali goods, particularly decorative lights and idols from China. This surge of cheaper, mass-produced products has adversely affected local artisans and small businesses in India, who have historically supplied handmade goods for the festival. Campaigns promoting “Vocal for Local” and advocating for a boycott of Chinese products have gained traction, urging consumers to support indigenous craftsmanship and contribute to the local economy. This not only preserves India’s cultural heritage but also reduces dependence on foreign imports.
The Rise of Consumerism and Its Dark Side
The rise of consumerism has fundamentally changed the way people celebrate Diwali. The purchase of expensive gifts, gadgets, and elaborate decorations has become a hallmark of modern Diwali celebrations. While the essence of the festival remains, the emphasis on materialism often overshadows its spiritual significance. Businesses thrive during this period as people indulge in shopping sprees, buying everything from clothes to electronics, thus contributing to the booming Diwali market.
However, this newfound commercialism has a darker side. The night of Diwali is often marred by instances of gambling, excessive consumption of alcohol, and other heinous crimes. Celebrations can turn chaotic, as revelers indulge in reckless behavior that contradicts the festival’s core values of love and light. This raises important questions about the true spirit of Diwali and what it means to celebrate it.
Reflecting on Diwali’s True Meaning
Despite the commercialization and environmental concerns, Diwali continues to present a valuable opportunity for reflection, unity, and renewal. The festival encourages us to illuminate not only our homes but also the lives of others. Acts of charity, compassion, and kindness are central to Diwali, reminding us to share our blessings with those less fortunate.
A growing number of people are embracing eco-friendly practices, opting for green Diwali celebrations by using biodegradable decorations, reducing firecracker usage, and supporting local artisans by purchasing traditional handmade products. This shift towards sustainability echoes the festival’s original values of simplicity, joy, and respect for nature.
The Rise of Digital Diwali
In the modern era, the celebration of Diwali has also expanded into the digital realm. Virtual gatherings, online shopping, and social media platforms allow families and friends separated by distance to come together and celebrate the festival. E-cards and digital gifts have become popular, enabling people to express their wishes without the need for physical presence. This shift to digital modes not only simplifies logistics but also aligns with the changing lifestyles of today’s tech-savvy generation. However, while technology enhances connectivity, it also poses the challenge of maintaining the festival’s traditional essence amidst a sea of virtual interactions.
‘A conscious Diwali not only respects tradition but helps preserve the world we pass on to future generations.’
Conclusion: The Enduring Spirit of Diwali
Ultimately, Diwali is more than just a festival; it is a reminder of the enduring light of hope, love, and unity that binds us all. As families come together, homes are adorned with lights, and prayers are offered to the gods, Diwali serves as a time to pause, reflect, and celebrate the triumph of good over evil.
The festival’s universal message of hope and renewal remains as relevant today as it was centuries ago. Whether in the ancient celebrations of Deepavali or the modern-day festivities, Diwali continues to inspire joy, gratitude, and the pursuit of a brighter, more compassionate world.
As we celebrate Diwali in 2024, let us embrace the festival’s true spirit by spreading light in our lives and the lives of others, honoring traditions, and making mindful choices that lead to a sustainable future.
In the words of the Bhagavad Gita (Chapter 5, Verse 10): “One who performs his duty without attachment, surrendering the results unto the Supreme Lord, is unaffected by sinful action, as the lotus is untouched by water.”
As we reflect on these teachings, we must ask ourselves: Are we celebrating Diwali in a way that truly honors its spirit, or are we lost in the haze of consumerism and noise?
Tips for a Safe and Healthy Wali Diwali
Diwali the festival of lights, hope and prosperity is around the corner. It is the time to celebrate togetherness with oodles of happiness! However, we need to remember, enjoyment and health go hand-in-hand. Your health and your family’s health is the priority. The question is how to achieve it? Enjoy a healthy wali Diwali with these simple tips.
Festivals can be celebrated to the fullest only if you are fit and fine. Do not avoid your exercise routine. Enjoy the breezy October with a morning walk or Yoga. Double up your happiness by following diet and fitness tips in Diwali and be ready to munch two more laddoos!
* Try to spend a gadget-free festival this time and see how old laughter-filled times return with family and friends.
* Gifts can be the gesture of showing gratitude and love to the family members. Surprise your parents with a small healthy gift. Be innovative; give preventive health checkup and full body check up as a Diwali gift option to your parents.
* Diwali means loads of delicious food and no one can resist that. Do not stay away from your favorite dishes, however, make it a point to drink sufficient water so that you are hydrated and the grueling October heat doesn’t affect you.
* Asthma patients need to keep their inhaler always with them. Avoid eating oily food and stay away from the smoke of firecrackers
* Say no to crackers as they cause noise and smoke, which affect all especially young, old, and pets. Let’s celebrate pollution free Diwali.
* Indulging in creative activities like making diyas, lanterns can be a fun-filled family time activity. You can create innovative biodegradable diyas from orange peels.
* It is an instant era and we are tempted to buy and eat outside food and sweets, which can lead to several health problems. Instead, surprise your mom, help her with her special delicacy cooking, and say good-bye to the loads of calories that come with outside food. Mom’s love combined with ghee won’t cause much calorie gain. Homemade sweets can also be a healthy gift for your friends.
* Pets are also highly affected by the noise pollution. Take care of your pets, keep them at home, draw curtains and cover their ears if possible.
If you love crackers, go for pollution-free crackers. Wear well-fitting cotton outfits while you burst crackers to avoid any mishaps.
Enjoy your Diwali with your dear ones; let the festival bestow your life with hopes, happiness and health!
Courtesy : https://www.indushealthplus.com
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