Dr Javaid Rahi
The challenging terrain of Jammu and Kashmir demands a thorough understanding, and the Gujjars -Bakarwals, with their deep-rooted connection to the region, play a crucial role in guarding and providing vital information to the security forces. Recognizing this, Lieutenant General (Retd) Deependra Singh Hooda, the former Commanding-in-Chief of the Indian Army’s Northern Command, once hailed the Gujjars as the “eyes and ears” of the military. This recognition is rooted in decades of experience and the exceptional qualities displayed by the Gujjar Bakarwal tribe.
Lt. General (Retd) K H Singh, another respected military commander, has also lauded the Gujjars for their exceptional qualities of patriotism, politeness, and generosity. The Gujjar Bakarwal tribe’s commitment to the nation’s interests also has won the admiration of military/ police personnel, defence analysts, and journalists serving in the area.
Frontlines in Three Wars with Pakistan
Despite facing numerous hardships, the Gujjar Bakarwal community has played a crucial role in defending India’s sovereignty, particularly in three major conflicts with Pakistan – the tribal invasion in 1947, the Indo-Pak wars of 1965 and 1971, and during the tumultuous militancy era over the last 35 years.The Gujjar Bakarwal community, living on the frontlines, faced the brunt of the invasion. Undeterred by the challenges, they stood firm in their commitment to India, bravely defending their homes and the nation’s borders.
Systematic Targeting of Gujjar Leadership
The Gujjar leadership, known for its support to the country , has faced relentless attacks from terrorists seeking to eliminate middle-level leaders and disrupt the community’s unity. Tribal elders and village heads, considered as pillars of support for the nation, have been targeted, leading to a wave of fear and intimidation within the Gujjar community. Some notable Attacks and Massacres including in March 2000 – Anantnag , five Gujjars were killed in Anantnag, In January 2001 in KoteChadwal Rajouri fifteen Bakarwal Gujjars lost their lives in a terror attack.In February 2001 -: Five Gujjars were mercilessly killed by terrorist at Bhandrai Taryath, Udhampur. In March 2001 – Eight Gujjars fell victim to terrorism in Atholi Doda. In May 2001 in Darasangla Surankote Poonch, Seven Gujjars were killed in an act of terrorism. In May 2001 10 shepherds, belonging to the Gujjar community, lost their lives in a terror attack near Kishtwar. In August 2002 seven Gujjars were killed in Kupwara, by terrorists, Five Gujjars were targeted and killed in Pati Aragam Baramulla, by terrorists in May 2003. In the same month and year in Keri Rajouri six Gujjars were massacred. In April 2004 in Chitti Bandi Bandipura Baramulla six Gujjars were killed.In June 2004 – Marah Surankote Poonch twelve Gujjars were killed, highlighting the ongoing struggle and sacrifices made by the community for nation. Besides Mian Altaf Ahmed, the son of prominent Gujjar leader Mian Bashir Ahmed, survived an IED attack in 1995, showcasing the community’s determination to continue supporting the nation despite the risks of lives involved.
Gujjars & Operation ‘Sarp-Vinash’
In 2003, the Indian Army, with the help of local Gujjar community, undertook the historic Operation ‘Sarp-Vinash’ in the Hill Kaka area of Surankote Poonch, resulting in the elimination of 78 terrorists. Hill Kaka, identified by Pakistan as a potential stronghold for launching insurgencies, posed a serious threat akin to the Kargil conflict. Ch Tahir Fazal a local Gujjar who played a pivotal role in the operation stated that 53 Gujjars lost their lives during the operation. In recognition of the significant contributions and sacrifices of the Gujjars during Operation ‘Sarp-Vinash,’ the Indian Army erected a civilian memorial at Marah near Surankote, Poonch. The memorial stands as a poignant reminder of the courage, resilience, and collaboration displayed by the Gujjar community in the face of adversity.
Rejecting Separatist Politics
In the tumultuous landscape of Jammu and Kashmir, where separatist politics has often found resonance, the Gujjar-Bakarwal community has stood resolute in its rejection of such ideologies. Over the past 35 years of terrorism, not a single member from the Gujjar-Bakarwal community has joined the All Party Hurriyat Conference or any other outfit promoting separation. This steadfast commitment to national unity has been exemplified by their mass rejection of separatist politics and their active participation in crucial initiatives to combat terrorism.
Saga of Bravery and Sacrifices by Gujjars
The members of Gujjar-Bakarwal community demonstrated unparalleled courage and patriotism, receiving national recognition for their acts of valour. In 1966, Ch Mohammed Din Jagir, a Bakarwal, became a symbol of bravery and patriotism. During the tense period before the 1965 war, Jagir foiled the Pakistani operation to capture Indian territory. His bravery and dedication to the nation were recognized with the prestigious Padma Shri 1966. Tragically, Jagir was later shot dead by terrorists.
Rukhsana Kausar, a Gujjar woman from Upper Kalsi, Rajouri emerged as a symbol of resistance against terrorism in 2009. Known for her fearless act of killing a Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) terrorist Abu Osama, using an axe at her home in the Rajouri district,. In recognition of her courageous act, Rukhsana Kausar and his brother Aijaz Ahmed was honored with the India National Bravery Award and Shaurya Chakra. Her story serves as an inspiration and a testament to the resilience of Gujjar women in the face of adversity.
Naseer Ahmad Kolie Dadasan Rajouri was awarded the Shaurya Chakra posthumously in 2019.A constable in the J&K Police, exhibited exceptional bravery in the face of grave danger. While engaged in an operation to eliminate terrorists hiding in the village Baba Gund Handwara, Kolie and his team faced intense firing. Despite suffering bullet injuries, Kolie and his fellow officers ensured that the terrorists were contained until the main party arrived.
Aurangzeb Gujjar of Mendhar Poonch: Rifleman Aurangzeb Gujjar, part of the army’s 44 Rashtriya Rifles, was honored with the Shaurya Chakra posthumously for his remarkable contribution to anti-militancy operations. Abducted and killed by militants on his way home to celebrate Eid with his family.
During the challenging times of heightened terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir, the Gujjars played a crucial role in the Task Force of the J&K Police established to eliminate terrorism. This force, colloquially referred to as the “Gujjar Police” in Kashmir, was a testament to the community’s commitment to actively participate in maintaining law and order.
Recognizing Gujjars -Bakarwals contributions
The Gujjar community, deeply rooted in the diverse cultural fabric of India, has long stood as guardians of their unique tribal identity. Amidst the challenges faced by the community, recognizing and understanding their mindset becomes crucial. Some suggestions are as under:
Gujjar Scouts: Drawing inspiration from successful models like the Ladakh Scouts, there is a compelling case for the establishment of Gujjar Scouts to fight terrorism in J&K . This initiative would not only provide a platform for the community to actively participate in the defense of the nation but also serve as a powerful tool for recognition.
Recognizing / Rewarding Gujjars regularly: Acknowledging and rewarding the prominent personalities of Gujjar community regularly. Such initiatives that recognize and honor individuals who have displayed exceptional courage, whether in the face of terrorism or during conflicts, can significantly contribute to instilling a sense of pride within the community. Such recognition can go a long way in fostering a positive narrative and reinforcing the idea that the nation values and appreciates the sacrifices made by the Gujjar community.
Protection of Gujjar Localities: In ensuring the security and well-being of the Gujjar community, it is imperative to provide possible protections to their localities. This includes measures to address any security concerns and safeguard the community’s physical and cultural spaces.
Establishing a Museum: To celebrate the rich history and sacrifices of Gujjars and their culture of the Gujjar community, there is a need for a dedicated museum that showcases the heroic tales of Gujjar individuals who fought for the motherland. This museum can serve as a repository of their proud history, displaying artifacts, stories, and achievements that highlight their contributions to the nation.
Understanding Tribal Mindset: Understanding their mindset, acknowledging the cultural nuances that define them and engaging them in meaningful dialogue is essential to projecting and fulfilling their needs, aspirations, and challenges. By respecting and preserving their identity, a foundation for trust and cooperation can be established, leading to a more inclusive and harmonious society.
(The author is working on Gujjars-Bakarwals society and culture)
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