NEW YORK, M: A planetary system located just 10.5 light-years away is remarkably similar to our solar system, scientists have found.
The system is a prime location to research how planets form around stars like our Sun, researchers said.
Located 10.5 light-years away in the southern hemisphere of the constellation Eridanus, the star Epsilon Eridani (eps Eri), is the closest planetary system around a star similar to the early Sun, according to researchers from the University of Arizona in the US.
Previous studies indicate that eps Eri has a debris disk, which is the name astronomers give to leftover material still orbiting a star after planetary construction has completed.
The debris can take the form of gas and dust, as well as small rocky and icy bodies.
Debris disks can be broad, continuous disks or concentrated into belts of debris, similar to our solar system’s asteroid belt and the Kuiper Belt – the region beyond Neptune where hundreds of thousands of icy-rocky objects reside.
Furthermore, careful measurements of the motion of eps Eri indicates that a planet with nearly the same mass as Jupiter circles the star at a distance comparable to Jupiter’s distance from the Sun.
With the new Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) images, researchers were able to distinguish between two theoretical models of the location of warm debris, such as dust and gas, in the eps Eri system.
These models were based on prior data obtained with NASA’s Spitzer space telescope.
One model indicates that warm material is in two narrow rings of debris, which would correspond respectively to the positions of the asteroid belt and the orbit of Uranus in our solar system.
Using this model, theorists indicate that the largest planet in a planetary system might normally be associated with an adjacent debris belt.
The other model attributes the warm material to dust originating in the outer Kuiper-Belt-like zone and filling in a disk of debris toward the central star.
In this model, the warm material is in a broad disk, and is not concentrated into asteroid belt-like rings nor is it associated with any planets in the inner region.
Using SOFIA, Kate Su of the University of Arizona and her research team ascertained that the warm material around eps Eri is in fact arranged like the first model suggests, it is in at least one narrow belt rather than in a broad continuous disk.
The team studied the strongest infrared emission from the warm material around eps Eri, at wavelengths between 25-40 microns, which are undetectable by ground-based observatories.
“The high spatial resolution of SOFIA combined with the unique wavelength coverage and impressive dynamic range of the FORCAST camera allowed us to resolve the warm emission around eps Eri, confirming the model that located the warm material near the Jovian planet’s orbit,” said Su.
“Furthermore, a planetary mass object is needed to stop the sheet of dust from the outer zone, similar to Neptune’s role in our solar system. It really is impressive how eps Eri, a much younger version of our solar system, is put together like ours,” she said.
The study was published in The Astronomical Journal. (AGENCIES
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