The recent findings of the India State of Forest Report 2023 bring a much-needed boost to the fight against climate change. With an increase of 1,445 square kilometres in forest and tree cover from 2021 to 2023, India demonstrates its commitment to sustainable development and environmental conservation. While this progress is commendable, it also underscores the challenges ahead in meeting the ambitious targets set under the Paris Agreement. India’s total forest cover now stands at 21.76 percent of its geographical area, with tree cover constituting an additional 3.41 percent. Together, they account for 25.17 percent of the country’s total area. This marks a modest but significant step towards achieving the National Forest Policy 1988’s target of 33 percent forest and tree cover. The increase of 156 square kilometres in forest cover and 1,289 square kilometres in tree cover reflects both natural growth and concerted efforts in afforestation and conservation. The creation of an additional carbon sink of 2.29 billion tonnes compared to 2005 levels is a milestone worth celebrating. It demonstrates the efficacy of policies and projects aimed at enhancing forest density and expanding green cover. With a target of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of additional carbon sink by 2030, India’s current progress provides a strong foundation, though much work remains to be done.
States like Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan have made notable contributions to the increase in forest and tree cover, collectively adding significant areas of green space. For forest cover alone, Mizoram, Gujarat, and Odisha recorded the largest gains, highlighting the importance of localised efforts and regional policies tailored to specific ecological conditions. Madhya Pradesh continues to lead in total forest and tree cover, followed closely by Arunachal Pradesh and Maharashtra. However, it is worth noting the challenges faced by northeastern states, which saw a decrease of 327.30 square kilometres in forest cover. This decline raises concerns about deforestation, habitat loss, and the need for targeted interventions in ecologically sensitive areas.
Despite the overall increase in forest and tree cover, the report reveals areas of concern that demand immediate attention. The loss of moderately dense forests and open forests, amounting to 1,043.23 square kilometres and 2,480.11 square kilometres, respectively, underscores the threats posed by deforestation, urbanisation, and agricultural expansion. Additionally, the decrease in mangrove cover by 7.43 square kilometres highlights the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to human activity and climate change. The Western Ghats and Eastern States Area have experienced a net loss of 58.22 square kilometres in forest cover over the past decade. While very dense forests have shown gains, the decline in less dense categories suggests a transition that may have ecological repercussions, such as reduced biodiversity and water retention capabilities. These trends call for a balanced approach that prioritises both forest quality and quantity.
India’s achievements in increasing forest and tree cover are the result of sustained efforts. Initiatives like afforestation drives, eco-restoration projects, and community-based forest management have played a pivotal role. However, to maintain and accelerate this momentum, several policy measures and strategies must be emphasised. Protecting existing forests, especially in biodiversity hotspots like the Western Ghats and northeastern states, should be prioritized. Strict enforcement of anti-deforestation laws and community participation are key. Incentives for agroforestry and urban tree planting can significantly contribute to carbon sequestration goals. Further, focused efforts to rehabilitate degraded forest lands can enhance both carbon stock and biodiversity. Advanced technologies like satellite imagery, GIS mapping, and AI-driven analytics can improve forest monitoring and management, ensuring timely interventions. Additionally, as climate change poses increasing risks to forest ecosystems, integrating resilience-building measures into forestry policies is imperative. This includes protecting mangroves and other critical ecosystems from climate-induced threats.
However, the journey towards a greener and more sustainable India is a collective responsibility. Policymakers, businesses, and citizens alike must contribute to this endeavour, whether through sustainable practices, conservation efforts, or advocacy for stronger environmental policies.
Follow our WhatsApp channel
