Dr Harmeet Singh Soodan
District Poonch, nestled in the Pir Panjal range of Jammu and Kashmir, possesses a rich history intertwined with the evolution and spread of Sikhism. Among its most revered spiritual landmarks is Dera Nangali Sahib, a center of devotion and community service that stands as a testament to the deep roots of Sikhism in the region. This article explores the historical significance of Sikhism’s journey in Poonch, with a particular focus on Dera Nangali Sahib.
Early Spread of Sikhism in PoK and Poonch
The roots of Sikhism in the Pir Panjal region date back to the travels of Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji, the sixth Sikh Guru, who journeyed through this area during the early 17th century. After his release from Gwalior Fort in 1619 AD, Guru Hargobind Sahib visited Kashmir in 1620 AD, spreading the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev Ji along the way. Taking the route through Gujrat, Bhimber, and the Pir Panjal Pass, he preached the principles of universal love and brotherhood. The areas where Guru Sahib travelled and spent time, the sikh sangats later on established several Gurdwaras, to commemorate the visit of Guru sahib. These sacred sites include those in areas now part of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), such as Bhimber, Muzaffarabad, and Baramulla. In particular, Gurdwara ChattiPatshahi in distict Rajouri at the heart of Nowshera city honors Guru Sahib’s visit to this place. Guru Hargobind Sahib’s journey laid the foundation and spreading of Sikh ideals of justice, equality, and spirituality in the region. However, the faith’s growth in the region gained significant momentum after Guru Gobind Singh Ji established the Khalsa Panth in 1699, inspiring many to embrace Sikh values of discipline and selfless service.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s Role in Strengthening Sikhism
The rise of Sikhism in Poonch and the broader Pir Panjal region received a significant boost during the rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who annexed Kashmir in 1819 AD. His military commanders, such as Diwan Mohkam Chand and Hari Singh Nalwa, used the Pir Panjal routes to expand the Sikh empire. Under Ranjit Singh’s reign, Sikhism flourished, with numerous Gurdwaras and institutions of learning established to promote spiritual and cultural practices. The establishment of Dera Nangali Sahib during this period is a prime example of this growth. Located in the serene village of Nangali, near Poonch town, the Dera became a hub of religious devotion and community service, attracting devotees from far and wide.
Foundation of Dera Nangali Sahib
The story of Dera Nangali Sahib begins with Bhai Pheru Singh, a devoted missionary who traveled extensively in the early 18th century to propagate Sikh teachings. Around 1711 AD, he handed over his responsibilities to Bhai Punjab Singh, who moved the centre of Sikh missionary activities to Chattar Kalan of present-day PoK. Later on, Bhai Rocha Singh shifted the headquarters to Rawalakot, but internal conflicts in the region made it challenging to maintain a stable base. Finally, in 1803 AD, Bhai Mela Singh Ji, a devout follower of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, established DeraNangali Sahib in the picturesque village of Nangali near Poonch town. Dera Nangali Sahib became a central place for meditation, spiritual learning, and service under Bhai Mela Singh’s guidance. He chose the tranquil banks of the Drungali Nallah for the Dera, creating a place of peace and devotion that resonated deeply with the local Sikh community.
Under Bhai Mela Singh’s leadership, Dera Nangali Sahib emerged as a vital center for the propagation of Sikhism in the Pir Panjal region. It served as a refuge for the Sikh community during times of conflict and political upheaval, offering solace and spiritual guidance.
The Dera became a beacon of Sikh values, promoting principles such as equality, justice, and service. It also played a pivotal role in fostering communal harmony, bringing together people of diverse backgrounds. The contributions of Bhai Mela Singh and his successors ensured that Dera Nangali Sahib became not just a spiritual center but also a hub for cultural and social development in the region.
The establishment of Dera Nangali Sahib would not have been possible without the support of local leaders. Notably, Raja Amir Khan Sangu and his father Wazir Ru-Allah Khan Sangu, rulers of Poonch, extended a warm welcome to Bhai Mela Singh Ji when he arrived in 1803 AD. Recognizing the spiritual and social importance of the Dera, they provided assistance and encouragement to Bhai Mela Singh in his mission.
Modern Contributions and Legacy
Over the centuries, Dera Nangali Sahib has evolved into a revered institution, preserving the rich heritage of Sikhism in the Pir Panjal region. Under the leadership of successive Mahants, the Dera has continued to serve as a center for religious and social activities.
The current custodian, Mahant Manjit Singh, has been instrumental in expanding the Dera’s outreach. Under his guidance, the Dera organizes regular prayers, community meals (langar), and educational initiatives. Institutions like the Mahant Bachittar Singh Engineering and Technology College(MBSCET) and the Sant Rocha Singh Degree College stand as symbols of the Dera’s commitment to education and community welfare.
Symbol of Resilience and Service
Despite the challenges posed by geographical isolation and political instability, Dera Nangali Sahib remains a symbol of the resilience and devotion of the Sikh community in Poonch. Its contributions extend beyond spiritual activities, as it actively promotes interfaith dialogue and communal harmony, embodying the universal values of Sikhism.
The Dera’s emphasis on education and social welfare reflects its commitment to empowering the local population. By nurturing scientific temper and knowledge among the youth of Jammu and Kashmir, the Dera ensures that its legacy continues to inspire future generations.
A Timeless Legacy
The journey of Sikhism in District Poonch, from the early travels of Guru Hargobind Sahib to the establishment of Dera Nangali Sahib, is a story of faith, perseverance, and service. The efforts of Sikh pioneers like Bhai Pheru Singh and Bhai Mela Singh have left an indelible mark on the region’s spiritual and cultural landscape.
Today, Dera Nangali Sahib stands as a testament to the rich heritage of Sikhism in the Pir Panjal region. It continues to serve as a source of inspiration, fostering the timeless values of faith, equality, and selfless service. The Dera’s enduring contributions ensure that the spirit of Sikhism remains alive and vibrant in Poonch, enriching the lives of people across generations. In preserving its history and embracing modern challenges, Dera Nangali Sahib remains a beacon of hope and a shining example of the power of faith and service.
(The author is Assistant Professor at Cluster University Jammu)
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